Pick up a copy of 'Who Are You In The Tarot?'
This book is centered around the use of Tarot and birth dates along with Tarot constellations.
Actually that book may be more than what you are looking for.
Pages 194 and 195 of 'The Ultimate Guide To The Rider Waite Tarot' may be what you want as well.
These two pages show the following:
Birthdate
Sign of the zodiak
Planet
Major card of the sign
Minor cards of the sign
Associated court
Major card of the planet
Basically that means for each sign you will need to learn six cards.
So for example, Capricorn:
The Devil
Two of Pentacles
Three of Pentacles
Four of Pentacles
Queen of Pentacles
The World
You can indeed learn a lot about yourself with those six cards
Hope that helps.