Pasquino and the "Pasquinate del conclave"

Huck

The famous poet Italian Pietro Aretino in 1521 published at the opportunity of the conclave, which elected the Dutch pope Hadrian (Adriano VI.), the "Pasquinate del conclave".

http://books.google.com/books?id=Lu...ig=uDGqc1O2IIJT0apG5tZF9GVgbCY&hl=en#PPA35,M1

The "Pasquinate del conclave" related ... as my sources indicate ... the electing cardinals to the Trionfi card or Tarot motifs. I would like to take a look at the text, but I found in the web only rather short descriptions.

It's said, that the Pasquinate del conclave was first published in 1891 by Vittorio Rossi in "Pasquinate di Pietro Arentino ed anonime per il conclave e l'elezione die Adriano VI".

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Worthful to know in this context:

The "Pasquino" is a fragmentarious Roman statue, found and erected in Rome in the year 1501 by Cardinal Oliviero Carafa at St. Mark's day, 25th of April. The result was an annual ceronomy. "The marble torso was draped in a toga, and epigrams in Latin were attached to it."

450px-Pasquino_1.JPG



"The decorous event quickly got out of hand when it became the custom for those who wanted to criticize the pope or individuals in his government—for a pasquinade is first and foremost a personal attack— to write satirical poems in broad Roman dialect (called "pasquinades" from the Italian "pasquinate") and attach them to this statue.
Thus Pasquino became the first talking statue of Rome. He spoke out about the people's dissatisfaction, he denounced injustice, and he assaulted misgovernment by members of the Church."
These customs seem to have been started around 1509.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasquinade

Other talking statues became 5 figures "called Marphurius, Abbot Luigi, Il Facchino, Madame Lucrezia, I Babbuino", all can be studied by Wikipedia.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marphurius
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madame_Lucrezia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Il_Facchino
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Il_Babbuino
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbot_Luigi
all are collected here:
http://www.romeartlover.it/Talking.html

"These poems were collected and published annually by the Roman printer Giacomo Mazzocchi as early as 1509, as Carmina apposita Pasquino and thus became well known all over Europe."

In about 1512/13 the papal protonotary Johannes Goeritz started a counter operation with a second annual poetry feast at 26th of July.

http://www.thefreelibrary.com/The+rise+and+fall+of+Goritz's+feasts-a016871171

180px-TitianFirstAretinoPortrait.jpg


In 1516 the poet Pietro Aretino, author, playwright, poet, and socalled "inventor of modern literate pornography" after spending some time in Perugia, reached Rome and got some attention for his poem ""The Last Will and Testament of the Elephant Hanno" (Hanno had been the pet of pope Leo and died in 1516). The banker Agostino Chigi, called then "indisputably the richest man in Rome", became his patron.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agostino_Chigi

However, Chigi died 1520 and Pope Leo, another sponsor, died, too, in December 1521.
The troublesome situation of the development of the reformation in Germany caused the choice of an unloved Dutch candidat of compromise between two conflicting parties, the former teacher of the emperor Charles V., who even wasn't present at the conclave (and it took 3/4 of a year before he arrived in Rome after his election).
When he arrived, nobody loved him ... and he turned against many abuses durung the reignment of the former pope Leo, abuses, which had favoured the sodalities of the poets. The natural result of the situation was a bad public reaction for the new pope and possibly reason for his early death one year later. "Most of his official papers were lost after his death." "The Romans, who had never taken a liking to a man they saw as a barbarian, rejoiced at his death, declaring that a statue ought to be erected to his doctor."

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Adrian_VI

Hadrian_VI.jpg


During this situation Aretino wrote his Pasquinate del conclave. It's said, that he had to leave Rome for it and it's also said, that it had become as a document of high value for the history of the Christian religion. For Aretino, he followed Giovanni della bande nere, the leading condottiero of the time.

Medici%20Cosimo01.jpg


In 1522 Giovanni della bande nere was successful to free the city of Milan of French dominion. He died in the battle of Pavia.

****
In Aretino's later career as a playwright the figure of the Pasquino appeared on the stage in the decoration. Aretino himself personified as "Il pasquino" ...

http://books.google.com/books?id=pP...ig=6gqRyMM-_RNCWw9gpSkEQJv8PT0&hl=en#PPA19,M1
 

Ross G Caldwell

Berti and Vitali (eds.), "Le carte di corte. I tarocchi. Gioco e magia alla corte degli Estensi" (1987) give it on page 108 (catalogue number 35) (from the Roma 1521 edition, or Rossi? - it's not clear)

Aretino said:
Venti duo cardinal senza romore
giucavano a tarocchi in la lor cella;
fe' Medici e mischiò, poi diè la stella
a Farnese, ad Egidio il traditore;
a Santa Croce diè lo 'mperadore,
Vico ebbe il sol, Grimano il bagatella
Grassi l'imperatrice e poi la bella
papessa
Como, Mantova l'amore.
Ancona il mondo e l'angelo l'Orsino,
il matto Siena e Monte ebbe la luna,
la iustizia Colonna, el Soderino
il diavol, Flisco ruota di fortuna
Punzetta il vecchio, il carro l'Armellino,
la casa il frate in vesta bianca e bruna,
san Francesco n'ebbe una,
ciò fu tempranzia e Jacobacci morte,
Santi Quattro fortezza e stavan forte.
In questo furon scorte
le carte e restò Medici una crapa,
quando s'avvide ch'era fatto papa.
Onde smorto qual rapa,
disse: "Il papa mi tocca e non lo tegno."
Rispose il Soderin: "Non ne se' degno."
Mossonsi tutti a sdegno,
e tra lor ferno questa legge nuova,
che papa sia quello che lo ritrova.
Mentre ciascun si prova,
Mantoa, Siena, Farnese andando a spasso,
una carta trovorno, ma fu un asso.

Ross
 

Huck

Hi Ross,

thanks.
From reading around here and there (and especially its fame), I've got the impression, that it should be a longer text than this ... although considering, that it was in its original state only a paper hanged to the Pasquino statue might lead to the assumption, it must have been a shorter statement.

Is there any indication, that it is only an extract?
 

Ross G Caldwell

Hi Huck,

the whole original book has lots of Pasquinate or sonnets - this is only the one in the tarocchi appropriati genre. It is sonnet number xxxii.

Ross
 

Huck

Well,

it's obvious, that there were more than one pasquinate and also Arentino wrote more than one.
But is this one the famous "Pasquinate del conclave" or were there more than one pasquinate dedicated and combined to the conclave? Obviously there were more than one, of course ...

Btw.
I've counted and found this as the 22 pairs:

Stella - Farnese
Traditore - Egidio
Imperadore - Santa Croce
Sol - Vico
Bagatella - Grimano
Imperatrice - Grassi
Papessa - Como
Amore - Mantova
Mondo - Ancona
Orsino - Angelo
Matto - Siena
Monte - Luna
Iustizia - Colonna
Diavol - Soderino
Ruota di Fortuna - Flisco
Vecchio - Punzetta
Carro - Armellino
Casa - il frate in vesta bianca e bruna
Temperanzia - San Francesco
Morte - Jacobacci
Fortezza - Santi Quattro
Papa - Medici

Btw.
The German Wikipedia
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konklave_(1521%E2%80%931522)

has 39 (and not 22, as one might suspect) electing cardinals

* Kardinaldekan: Bernadino López de Carvajal
* Subdekan: Domenico Grimani
* Francesco Soderini
* Alessandro Farnese
* Niccoló Fieschi
* Antonio Maria Ciocchi del Monte
* Marco Carnaro
* Sigismondo Gonzaga
* Pietro de Accolti
* Achille Grassi
* Matthäus Schiner
* Lorenzo Pucci
* Giulio de´Medici
* Innocenzo Cibo
* Giovanni Piccolomini
* Giovanni Domenico De Cupis
* Raffaele Petrucci
* Andrea della Valle
* Bonifacio Ferreri
* Giovanni Battista Pallavicino
* Scaramuccia Trivulzio
* Pompeo Colonna
* Domenico Giacobacci
* Lorenzo Campeggio
* Ferdinando Ponzetta
* Silvio Passerini
* Francesco Armellini Pantalassi de´Medici
* Tommaso de Vio Caetano OP
* Egidio Canisio de Viterbo OSA
* Cristoforo Numai O.Min.
* Gualterio Raimundo de Vich
* Franciotto Orsini
* Paolo Emilio Cesi
* Alessandro Cesarini
* Giovanni Salviati
* Nicoló Ridolfi
* Ercole Rangoni
* Agostino Trivulzio
* Francesco Pisani

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francesco_Soderini
Francesco Soderini, called the devil in the poem and honored by Aretino with a few specific lines, has this short biography:

"Francesco di Tommaso Soderini (1453-1524) was a major diplomatic and Church figure of Renaissance Italy, and brother of Piero Soderini. He was an adversary of the Medici family.
He became Bishop of Volterra in 1478, by nomination, resigning in 1509. He was ordained in 1486. He received his cardinalate in 1503, supported by Louis XII of France. He was Bishop of Cortona 1504-5 and held further church posts.
He was complicit in the plot of fellow Cardinals Bandinello Sauli and Alfonso Petrucci against Leo X, for the benefit of Cardinal Riario; he went into voluntary exile in 1517, returning to Rome in 1521."

Much more complex informations about the background gives:
http://books.google.com/books?id=tv...g=KnoRrXJWvMyqNlm_VkRxkq1j-5Y&hl=en#PPA123,M1
 

Ross G Caldwell

Huck said:
But is this one the famous "Pasquinate del conclave" or were there more than one pasquinate dedicated and combined to the conclave? Obviously there were more than one, of course ...

Btw.
I've counted and found this as the 22 pairs:

Stella - Farnese
Traditore - Egidio
Imperadore - Santa Croce
Sol - Vico
Bagatella - Grimano
Imperatrice - Grassi
Papessa - Como
Amore - Mantova
Mondo - Ancona
Orsino - Angelo
Matto - Siena
Monte - Luna
Iustizia - Colonna
Diavol - Soderino
Ruota di Fortuna - Flisco
Vecchio - Punzetta
Carro - Armellino
Casa - il frate in vesta bianca e bruna
Temperanzia - San Francesco
Morte - Jacobacci
Fortezza - Santi Quattro
Papa - Medici

Btw.
The German Wikipedia
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konklave_(1521%E2%80%931522)

has 39 (and not 22, as one might suspect) electing cardinals

* Kardinaldekan: Bernadino López de Carvajal
* Subdekan: Domenico Grimani
* Francesco Soderini
* Alessandro Farnese
* Niccoló Fieschi
* Antonio Maria Ciocchi del Monte
* Marco Carnaro
* Sigismondo Gonzaga
* Pietro de Accolti
* Achille Grassi
* Matthäus Schiner
* Lorenzo Pucci
* Giulio de´Medici
* Innocenzo Cibo
* Giovanni Piccolomini
* Giovanni Domenico De Cupis
* Raffaele Petrucci
* Andrea della Valle
* Bonifacio Ferreri
* Giovanni Battista Pallavicino
* Scaramuccia Trivulzio
* Pompeo Colonna
* Domenico Giacobacci
* Lorenzo Campeggio
* Ferdinando Ponzetta
* Silvio Passerini
* Francesco Armellini Pantalassi de´Medici
* Tommaso de Vio Caetano OP
* Egidio Canisio de Viterbo OSA
* Cristoforo Numai O.Min.
* Gualterio Raimundo de Vich
* Franciotto Orsini
* Paolo Emilio Cesi
* Alessandro Cesarini
* Giovanni Salviati
* Nicoló Ridolfi
* Ercole Rangoni
* Agostino Trivulzio
* Francesco Pisani

I don't know the answer to whether there were more than one pasquinate for this conclave. I would guess there might have been many. But this is the only one noted for using tarot images.

There is another one written in 1550 for the conclave of 1549 (I'm just using memory here, I'll check later), that is based on Aretino's, but obviously uses the contemporary names. It had a French translation that Thierry discovered and published in 1986.

As far as I know these are the only two (or three including the French translation) conclave appropriati.

Berti and Vitali note what you say, that there were 39 Cardinal electors - Aretino was using poetic license.