The Shape of Milan

creakingcricket

Huck said:
Milan seems to have been one of very few regions, which weren't attacked by the plague 1348.

The plague did reach Milan in 1348, but brutal quarantine measures controlled it:

"When the pestilence reached Milan, the occupants of the first three houses it struck were walled up -- sick or not -- and left to die. This horrifyingly harsh measure, ordered by the Archbishop, appeared to succeed to some degree, for Milan suffered less from the plague than any other major Italian city.

Florence -- the thriving, prosperous center of trade and culture -- was particularly hard-hit, by some estimates losing as much as 65,000 residents."
http://historymedren.about.com/od/theblackdeath/ig/Spread-of-the-Black-Death/msItalyBD.htm

Florence as the traditional enemy of Milan:

"Another popular explanation for the Italian Renaissance is the thesis, first advanced by historian Hans Baron, that states that the primary impetus of the early Renaissance was the long-running series of wars between Florence and Milan. By the late fourteenth century, Milan had become a centralized monarchy under the control of the Visconti family. Giangaleazzo Visconti, who ruled the city from 1378 to 1402, was renowned both for his cruelty and for his abilities, and set about building an empire in Northern Italy. He launched a long series of wars, with Milan steadily conquering neighbouring states and defeating the various coalitions led by Florence that sought in vain to halt the advance. This culminated in the 1402 siege of Florence, when it looked as though the city was doomed to fall, before Giangaleazzo suddenly died and his empire collapsed."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Renaissance

Enemies are typically blamed for disease -- "the French disease." I speculate that in Milan plague would be the "Florence disease" and associated with the Death card.

cc
 

creakingcricket

Further evidence for the Death (Apollo) - Medici connection:

1. Portrait [of Cosimo de' Medici] by Jacopo Pontormo: the laurel branch (il Broncone) was a symbol used also by his heirs.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosimo_de'_Medici

Laurel is the plant of Apollo.

2. Death's headgear and bow have an 'M' shape.
 

Huck

hi cc,

creakingcricket said:
Further evidence for the Death (Apollo) - Medici connection:

1. Portrait [of Cosimo de' Medici] by Jacopo Pontormo: the laurel branch (il Broncone) was a symbol used also by his heirs.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosimo_de'_Medici

Laurel is the plant of Apollo.

2. Death's headgear and bow have an 'M' shape.

... :) ... then a lot of others were also Florentians, though possibly had been never in Florence.
There were positive connotations to Apollo also in Milan and also in Ferrara ...
Petrarca used the laurel symbol excessively, especially by his obsession to the title poetus lareatus, which he got 1341 (and he named his fictive lover "Laura"). Petrarca got fame by his writings as a great visionary man and the increase of his fame and his success is parallel to the success of that, what is called renaissance.
Well, Florence itself spread this "renaissance" generally, but the symbol is not specific enough ... too much others were fond of it.

In Germany, where the Apollo cult of the renaissance arrived ca. 1490-1500 with Conrad Celtis and other humanists, took this not specific from Florence, but from Italy and mainly from regions, which were easy to visit. And Petrarca, a born Florentian, had the greater part of his life elsewhere, Montpellier, Bologna, mainly Avignon with Vaucluse, Milan and Padova.

It's true, that the Florentine acceptance of the Petrarca cult played
finally a deciding role, around 1440.

For the production of the deck (ca. 1452 is assumed) we have good relations between Florence and Milan (Cosimo was Francesco's banker), although plagues continued and were a constant problem. Any negative pun of this Milanese deck against Florence is not probable. It's true, that arrows were connected to the plague - the many contemporary paintings of the holy Sebastian demonstrate this ...

176px-Andrea_Mantegna_089.jpg


d0204613.jpg


The M-shaped bow is a composite bow, already used by the huns ...

Hun_bow.jpg


constructed to reach higher force for the shot arrow. This Chinese arrow shooting machine
Chuangzi_Nu1.jpg
improved the effect.

Surely not produced to signify "M" for Medici. The headgear might have been made according the already traditional bow form.

Thanks for the information about the plague strategy in Milan.