From what is known of the Greek system, considering its root came from Greek philosophy and mythology, did they use philosophical text and emphasize Greek religious rituals and sports?
The actual astrological roots came from mesopotamian origins, especially but not exclusively babylonian (chaldean) and partly from egyptian origins - the decans seem to be egyptian in origin.
Horoscopic Astrology (using charts based on an Ascendant) originated in or around Alexandria probably between 50 BCE and 50 AD (although this is not a cast iron dating). The originators were Greek speaking and had a background in Greek philosophy, especially (but again not exclusively) the then dominant philosophy of Stoicism.
Whilst the did refer to the planets as the 'star of... (Kronos/Zeus/Ares/Aphrodite/Hermes) from the several Hellenistic texts I've read none of them rooted the explanation of the nature of the planet in mythology. Indeed Hellenistic texts are far more 'mythology free' than modern psychological texts on Astrology. The use of mythology to underpin planetary meanings came with the need to rationalise and explain the outer planets and even then, really only into the twentieth century.
Whilst their are occasional references to religious issues in some writers this is by no means common and was in the form of asides, rather than an explanation of astrological meaning.
Barkey Foreman said:
In the Catholic system how did they view what would be called "psychological astrology" today? From the article I posted last night.
http://www.soulhealing.com/ending.htm
....Did western astrologer during the Catholic Church's peak refer to Biblical texts and other Catholic scriptures for aid to relieve a troubled chart? Did they encourage wearing rosaries, hanging crucifixes, and putting statues of Mama Mary and stuff like that to counteract negative energy in charts?
Also related to this, did Vedic astrology originated from Hellenistic astrology? So many traditional western astrologers think so (though I got deep enough in it to already have seen defenders of Vedic argue India already had astrological systems before Alexander approached the continent). Assuming Vedic astrology was directly created from Hellenistic astrology, I am wondering if any of their traditions like exercises originated from Greek culture.
If by 'psychological astrology today' you refer to the dominant version drawing heavily on Jung, the answer is obviously that they would have no understanding of it at all. You can't expect them too. Traditional Astrology does have a 'psychological component', though they would never have called it that but it's key direction is not to explain the mind but to predict likely events in the life of a person or country, or to find propitious times to do things, or to answer questions that troubled a person. It aimed to be 'objective' in that it treated the outside world as a distinct entity compared to the native of the chart.
I've not read many medieval texts, apart from the Arabic ones, and those certainly didn't try to deal with Christian ideas - but apart from an acknowledgement of Allah, they did not preach the Koran either. They seemed to be rooted in the later Hellenisitic ideas and developed and built on those. Incidentally they were not very complimentary to the 'Hindus', as they occasionally referenced Vedic Astrology.
William Lilly wrote a work called Christian Astrology, in which he makes very little reference to christianity at all. He used the title for political reasons, as the churches both Catholic and Protestant did not take kindly to anything that seemed 'heretical'. Jean Baptiste Morin's large opus Astrologia Gallica makes reference to specific church notables, but is free from taking a religious stand.
On the issue of the origins of Vedic Astrology. It's almost certain that some form of Astrology was derived from the Vedas. The issue though is the use of horoscopic charts in Jyotish and these almost certainly derive from the influence of a second century Hellenistic text that made its way to India. David Pingree shows by a philological analysis that many of the Sanskrit terms are directly taken from the Greek and have no meaning outside Astrology (though they do have wider meaning in Greek). From that he deduced that the original use of the terms was Greek and that the Sanskrit use came secondly - that is the Greek works predated the Sanskrit works. This is disputed by a number of Vedic Astrologers who try to find errors in Pingree. There are errors but not such that they invalidate his case. Jyotish is almost certainly a younger sibling of Hellenistic Astrology, though it has a 'genetic' differences.
That being said, I don't think there's a cultural link here. Indians took, used and adapted Hellenistic techniques in a Hindu environment.
As I have said elsewhere, Traditional Astrology, just like Modern Astrology had/has practitioners who are 'fatalistic', just as it has practitioners who give more weight to Free Will. Of the later tradition both Lilly and Morin are quite clear that action can be taken to avoid perceived problems (in natal charts or derived charts)
Barkey Foreman said:
EDIT
Would tarot be a form of meditative practice for traditional Western astrology? The book I just finished recently, A Complete Guide to Tarot by Eden Grey, mentions tarot originated from astrological tradition. So there must be some connection between the two and I am already under the impression older variations of tarot was used to help those with troubled charts meditate and find ways to relieve the negativity in their charts.
I don't think there's any real evidence to suggest that Tarot is derived from Astrology. There's certainly a cultural dimension, in that Astrology was well known in medieval Europe but I don't think there was any conscious attempt to make Tarot into a branch of Astrology
I know there are those who look for a 'unified theory of divination' so to speak but as yet it's as unlikely as a unified theory of physics.