Though there isn't a very precise location nor person or group to which we can point and say: 'hail thee, and thank you for creating this most wonderful of decks!', we can affirm that Tarot, as Tarot, did not originate outside Europe, and that its emergence is late mediaeval.
Books are written by people like you and I. For some, the historical aspect is vitally important, and attention to detail is given. For others, its reflection of one's spiritual path is very much the focus. For others yet, the weight of the authority of certain esotericists is taken over-and-above their historical blunders.
The individual images certainly contain echoes of times far anterior - but not as a deck. Also, as such, the spiritual insights each image may contain antedates the emergence of the deck. But the deck is clearly a late mediaeval European masterpiece.
To give a musical analogy, the electric keyboard is a 20th century invention, even if some of its seeds can be found in pre-ancient Greek lyres (via the harp, harpsichord, and pianoforte).