Hi, emily2otters --
The first deck with pictures for the minors was, I believe, the Sola Busca deck, I think from the 15th century. The majors show military personages and are not standard Tarot majors, but the minors show little scenes. In fact, several of the scenes are similar to scenes in the Rider Waite deck, which strongly suggests that the artist of the Waite deck, Pamela Colman Smith, had seen the Sola Busca and modeled some of her cards after it. The 3 of Swords, for example, shows the exact same image in both decks. This deck is now availabe from Lo Scarabeo, with coloring by a modern artist.
I believe there was no other illustrated-minors deck until the Rider Waite deck. Lo Scarabeo has just released a facsimile of a deck from around the turn of the century, a few years before the Rider Waite deck, called "Tarot of the Master," which has illustrations on the minors, but they're not scenes with people, and they're mostly decorative rather than meant to suggest divinatory meanings.
-- Lee