I have no idea what verpunique means (Carthagian/Punic worm!
I don't either. It doesn't occur as such in any source but Duret. So "Punic Worm" it is, whatever that is.
About a half of those modern "correct" meanings were never "lost", but our Rabbi gets at least five more perfectly correct, by modern standards (while losing Tau).
Here is the main tradition -
............Jerome.............Kircher............Levi
Aleph - Doctrina...........Doctrina......... Disciplina
Beth - ..Domus............ Domus.............Domus
Gimel - .Plentitudo.........Plenitudo... .....Plenitudo vocis
Daleth -Tabulae...........Porta...............Porta librorum
Heh- ....Ista.................Ecce...............Ecce
Vau - ...Et...................Uncus..............Uncus
Zain -...Haec...............Arma................Gladius
Cheth - Vita.................Vita.................Vivens
Teth - ..Bonum.............Bonus...............Bonum
Yod - ...Principium.........Viri fortes.........Principium
Kaph - ..Manus.............Manus...............Manus
Lamed - Disciplina.........Disciplina...........Discite
Mem - ...Ex ipsis............Ex ipsis.............Ex ipsis
Nun - ....Sempiternum....Sempiternum.....Sempiternum
Samekh -Adiutorium.......Adiutorium.........Auxiliator
Ayin - ...Fons or Oculus..Fons or Oculus...Oculus
Peh - ....Os...................Os....................Os
Tzaddi - Justitia............Justitia..............Justitia
Qoph - ..Vocatio............Vocatio............Vocatio
Resh - ...Caput..............Caput................Caput
Shin - ...Dens...............Dentes...............Dentes
Thau......Signa...............Signum..............Signa
Note the both Jerome and Kircher have much fuller descriptions of the letters, in some cases hitting on the "right" meaning, but these are the "keyword" form.
Beth, Daleth, Vau, Kaph, Samekh, Ayin, Pe, Resh, Shin, and Tau are perfectly correct.