Reflections on the Development of Hebrew Letters

Huck

firemaiden said:
There are a lot of body parts used in the Egyptian Hieroglyphics.... wouldn't the body parts and names still present in the Phoenician and later Hebrew letters, merely reflect their pictoral and Egyptian heritage?

I think, it is a complex theme, if and what these early Phoenician letters took from the Egyptian letters.

They are very simple signs. If you can't prove the transmission of complex groups or a scheme, a comparition in details is almost rather worthless I guess. But of course it should be done - Ross had the impression, that I wanted to avoid details, what is true for the moment, as I prefer to concentrate first and develop something like a global overview, before going into excessive discussion of details, which are only of interest for "specialists". But of course it should be done in detail.

The Egyptian had 24 syllables for practical use. Surely the Phoenician alphabet-developers knew about it, somehow it influenced them.

The political influence of Egyptia in Phoenecia is given, but it had been in history not always of the same intensity. As the deciding production time (when got the letters final form and name) is a very open question ... the theory, I've given, is there now and one can look for a time, when it might have been true. But it is not an easy question. One has to know the documents first.
 

Huck

Re: Silence ... :)

Huck said:
head-group

6 (16-21)
|
1 (mother-letter)
|
letter 22 -- (mother-letter) -- 6 (4 - 9) (Soul-group)
|
1 (mother-letter)
|
6 (10 - 15)
|
(body-group)


I hope, you get the inner picture .... :) think of the Mercedes-Star
with 3 legs ... :) ("O Lord, could you buy me a Mercedes-Benz ... perhaps you remember).

Letter 22 (Taw) is the center - well, I add, in my imagination of the modell of the designer of the Alphabet.

That's the whole picture.


I've to look a little back:

This was my final picture.

I've to explain this figure a little better. This I'll do in a new thread: "Mysteries of Sepher Yetzirah", otherwise the theme would be disturbed. I'll feel sure, that the new theme deserves an own point.
 

jmd

I have finally had a chance to read through this thread - though I have also undoubtedly missed much that is relevant and important.

It seems to me that the thread has three main aspects to it, characterised by the argued posts by kwaw, by Ross, and by Huck (of course, others have also contributed) - and these perhaps in some ways reflect the model just (re-)outlined above by Huck.With regards to Ross, his argument seems to be that in terms of the development of the Hebrew letters, what we need to carefully do is be clear and further investigate the early Hebrew alphabet itself as it appears in various artifacts - ie, do precisely for the Alef-Beit what has recently been done with the early (or perhaps even genesis) of Tarot.

Without this, it is argued, then the rest rests on flimsy or whimsical fanciful allusions.

Ross's request as to look at the evidence from scholars - from those actually working in the field - therefore has much to not only commend itself, but is analogous to what is been generated in the Tarot world.

Of course, with regards to the Alef-beit, a fair amount of work has been amassed over many years, and for this level of investigation, at least an overview from research is not only useful, but essential.
  • Reflected hints - Remez
Huck, on the other hand, enjoins us to consider what hints have been left with the various letter meanings, and what simple model can account for these.

The usage of a simple model makes much sense, for even in what may have come to be developed with apparent complexity would not have been so in its formative time - this is an assumption, but certainly one which both has merit and has stood the test of various research in a variety of fields.

The model (which may have been suggested to Huck / autorbis by reflection on some aspects of the Sefer Yetzirah - but that is for them to outline the sequence of their thoughts should they wish to) suggests that perhaps the Alef-Beit reflects the image of Adam.

Already there are certain parts of the human anatomy related to the head region which are clearly grouped together...

'Can we', the unstated request resounds, 'for a moment see what would result if we played a little with the picture and see how it may possibly work?'

Working with the image, suddenly other aspects seem to 'fall' into place. Could this be the import of letter meanings in its early days?

If so, then even the Sefer Yetzirah may have drawn from this oral tradition, but for whatever reason (perhaps a syncretist tendency yet to be unveiled) re-ordered or renamed what the 'mothers' &c were.

Huck's ABC-man then has the hall-marks of a model suggested to be used to see what new not-before unveiled mysteries emerge.

If none, then so be it. But he asks for it to at least be given due consideration prior to it being dismissed - as is too easily done by various expert academics who have spent decades on minutia of detailed and cross-referenced work!
  • Inferred narrated Meaning - Derash
kwaw, meanwhile, has wonderfully taken on the tasks of not only presenting the works of various teachers and Rabbis (I include both terms, as some Jewish 'teachers' were not included as Rabbis before)... but further than this, kwaw also reflects on the moral and symbolic aspects of various letters and allows it to unveil aspects pertinent to both other Kabalistic considerations and the Tarot.

In many ways, the posts are themselves artistic works which not only reflect moral implications, but illuminate how one may penetrate to these reflections for onelself.
__________

None of these orientations are 'better' than others.

I suppose that Ross is in some ways saying to the other two: 'fine what you are doing, but is it well rooted!?'

To which Huck may respond: 'the rooting itself depends on allowing new shoots the Light of reflection, for it is those leaves which may better feed the roots and provide further firmness!'

And to which kwaw may well add: 'not only the shoots and the leaves - but the fruit and flowering of the plant - for therein is the sustenance and the delight!'
__________

I hope not to have mischaracterised each viewpoint - and of course, many other wonderful posts have contributed to the discussion, including the many keen observations by especially firemaiden, and also by Macavity, Mark Filipas, Mari_Hoshizaki and myself...

A thread well worth the effort of re-reading :)
 

Huck

Hi JMD,

Thanks for putting our personal strategies in the thread in a somehow archetypical scheme ... it clearifies the picture. It reminds me of Reuchlin, who let a Jew, a Christ and an Islamist discuss about the world religion in a trialog.

I've gathered the links given in the thread to have an overview about possible research material:

http://trionfi.com/02/a/Alphabet.html
 

Ross G Caldwell

Huck said:
Hi JMD,

Thanks for putting our personal strategies in the thread in a somehow archetypical scheme ... it clearifies the picture. It reminds me of Reuchlin, who let a Jew, a Christ and an Islamist discuss about the world religion in a trialog.

:) I wonder which one I am?

I've gathered the links given in the thread to have an overview about possible research material:

http://trionfi.com/02/a/Alphabet.html

Great page!
 

Ross G Caldwell

jmd said:
Ross's request as to look at the evidence from scholars - from those actually working in the field - therefore has much to not only commend itself, but is analogous to what is been generated in the Tarot world.

I suppose that Ross is in some ways saying to the other two: 'fine what you are doing, but is it well rooted!?'


Thanks JMD. You haven't misrepresented me. But, I'm only critical of Huck's position; kwaw says what he knows and how he knows it, and his speculations don't seem wild.

As for being well-rooted, that is a good way to see it. kwaw is well-rooted - he talks about what he knows about the Sefer Yetzirah. I don't know anything about the SY.

But Huck is talking about the history of the early alphabet, and that is a subject I *do* know something about, which makes me suspicious of his claim to have solved some kind of mystery, which might not even be there. He has not even shown that there is a mystery, or at least, an enigma, still less a puzzle or a "riddle."

Hurdles have to be jumped, and criticisms answered, before an idea should be accepted. Still more should an entire *thesis* be tested. I am far from being able to be on the doctoral committee for someone suggesting a thesis so precise and far-reaching as Huck's thesis on the *meaning* of the alphabet, but I know enough to question a few basic erroneous assumptions, and raise some questions which have not yet been answered.
 

Huck

Ross G Caldwell said:
Thanks JMD. You haven't misrepresented me. But, I'm only critical of Huck's position; kwaw says what he knows and how he knows it, and his speculations don't seem wild.

As for being well-rooted, that is a good way to see it. kwaw is well-rooted - he talks about what he knows about the Sefer Yetzirah. I don't know anything about the SY.

But Huck is talking about the history of the early alphabet, and that is a subject I *do* know something about, which makes me suspicious of his claim to have solved some kind of mystery, which might not even be there. He has not even shown that there is a mystery, or at least, an enigma, still less a puzzle or a "riddle."

Hurdles have to be jumped, and criticisms answered, before an idea should be accepted. Still more should an entire *thesis* be tested. I am far from being able to be on the doctoral committee for someone suggesting a thesis so precise and far-reaching as Huck's thesis on the *meaning* of the alphabet, but I know enough to question a few basic erroneous assumptions, and raise some questions which have not yet been answered.

Hm.
I was clear in my intention to present a "fiction" (... :) if necessary, I could go back and copy/paste my original words).

The fiction was based on known data, that is precisely the known old fragments of alphabetic writings and the "names". The unsecurity about the real age of the "names" was discussed by myself and I myself offered my "opinion", that they've a good chance to be really old. I accepted specific details of the Sepher Yetzirah as relevant and pointed to reasons, why I think them relevant.

I offered a complex and detailed picture, how possibly the original alphabet might have been structured under the above by myself accepted conditions. I was careful about each step to communicate it - and I pointed myself to unsecurities in the fiction.

What's wrong with such an attempt? Do you think it is a wrong methode? Isn't it better as no methode at all?
I placed it in a special region of time(17th, 18th, 19th century BC), from which I know, that the knowledge about the state of the alphabet is very spurious. Of course all documents of the alphabet can exist only "after the hypothetical invention of the Alphabet" - anything wrong with this logic?

Well, I've all rights in the world to build a hypothesis about any historical development, that I desire. I don't need to know each detail of the relevant research ... still I've the right to make a proposal to a given historical problem, it's my right as a fool to ask stupid questions.
The relevant research can prove its better orientation by pointing clearly to the specific points, in which my hypothesis contradicts any really proved data - okay, no problem, I myself am interested to learn how it contradicts.

Did I meet such specific hints? Did I overlook something? Okay, Kwaw always tried to help me with data, which I did exclude as "too late" and "not relevant", with some right, I suppose.

:)

Well, I'm still interested to learn about the real contradictions.
In the moment, however, I hope to clearify the picture about the SY, cause this specific detail is of some relevance to the early Alphabet.
This I do in the thread "mysteries of the SY".
 

Ross G Caldwell

Huck said:
Hm.
I was clear in my intention to present a "fiction" (... :) if necessary, I could go back and copy/paste my original words.

Of course you can write anything you want, suggest anything you want. It can take the form of pure fiction, or it can be a theory based on fact, or it can be a theory based on fact expressed in a fictional way. But when you said that your idea was "fiction", it was the second part of a statement that said "all history is fiction", thereby implying that all history is equally made up, and nobody knows any more than anybody else. That is not true - there are some people who know a lot more than others, and their "fictions" are worth reading before creating one's own, if one care's to have an accurate fiction.

For my part, I prefer to say history is the art of spinning facts into a narrative. My "narrative" is what I think you mean by "fiction," but I could be wrong. Narrative is simply telling a story, but there are stories that touch the facts as little as possible, letting them speak for themselves, and there are other stories which ignore facts that spoil the narrative, or twist them in some way to fit the narrative. I contend that your need to have the series of letters from Yod to Shin describe a full body is the latter. It twists the facts. Hence for me it is an unsatisfying narrative.


The fiction was based on known data, that is precisely the known old fragments of alphabetic writings and the "names". The unsecurity about the real age of the "names" was discussed by myself and I myself offered my "opinion", that they've a good chance to be really old. I accepted specific details of the Sepher Yetzirah as relevant and pointed to reasons, why I think them relevant.

True; but the names appear so late, 2000 years after the presumed invention of the alphabet, that it is very insecure. The consensus appears to be that the names were added later, on the principle of acrophony. You can suggest otherwise of course, as an interesting mental puzzle.

I offered a complex and detailed picture, how possibly the original alphabet might have been structured under the above by myself accepted conditions. I was careful about each step to communicate it - and I pointed myself to unsecurities in the fiction..

I found your statements not to contain much caution. They were presented as just about the closest thing to truth.

What's wrong with such an attempt? Do you think it is a wrong methode? Isn't it better as no methode at all?
I placed it in a special region of time(17th, 18th, 19th century BC), from which I know, that the knowledge about the state of the alphabet is very spurious. Of course all documents of the alphabet can exist only "after the hypothetical invention of the Alphabet" - anything wrong with this logic?.

Nothing. There is nothing wrong with an attempt. But surely you agree that any honest attempt to grapple with the problems of the early alphabet should attempt to deal with all the facts, not twist them when they don't fit a preconceived notion.

Well, I've all rights in the world to build a hypothesis about any historical development, that I desire. I don't need to know each detail of the relevant research ...

You have all the rights to build a hypothesis, or even simply make up a story. But it does not take a lifetime to master the history of the early alphabet - it could be a matter of a few days. Each detail isn't necessary, but some details may actually destroy your theory. You can choose to ignore them if you like. Such as the fact that the Lamed doesn't mean "leg", Mem doesn't mean "Vagina", Nun doesn't mean "Penis", Samek doesn't mean "Skeleton", Tsadde doesn't mean "Nose", and Qof doesn't mean ear. Qof apparently means either a monkey or an axe-head. But even if we give your theory this letter, that still leaves 5 letters that you've twisted, using different methods. Lamed you just claim has to be a leg, since it looks like one; for Mem and Nun you bring in some mythology and word-play; for Samek you go back to the Lamed strategy, and for Tsadde you just say "It has to fit here, so this is what it has to mean."

...still I've the right to make a proposal to a given historical problem, it's my right as a fool to ask stupid questions.

The trouble is you didn't ask questions (of me anyway), you stated your ideas as facts.

The relevant research can prove its better orientation by pointing clearly to the specific points, in which my hypothesis contradicts any really proved data - okay, no problem, I myself am interested to learn how it contradicts.

I told you some above. Your names are not attested. You made up meanings - twisted the facts - for 5 out of 12 letters, and relied on questionable data for 1 or 2 of the others.

You rely on the idea that it must be twelve, in this order. Maybe the earliest alphabet wasn't arranged this way.

In the Egyptian letters that were the model for the alphabet, the letter that became He already was a full man. There is no more need to create one out of parts.

It seems rather that the alphabet was created for commercial transactions, not to kids in a school setting. Where did this idea of yours come from?

And I think that the idea that they needed a trick like this to remember is wrong too. Their memories were *better* than ours.

Did I meet such specific hints? Did I overlook something? Okay, Kwaw always tried to help me with data, which I did exclude as "too late" and "not relevant", with some right, I suppose.

:)

Well, I'm still interested to learn about the real contradictions.
In the moment, however, I hope to clearify the picture about the SY, cause this specific detail is of some relevance to the early Alphabet.
This I do in the thread "mysteries of the SY".

Okay. I'll meet you there.
 

Huck

Originally posted by Ross G Caldwell:

Of course you can write anything you want, suggest anything you want. It can take the form of pure fiction, or it can be a theory based on fact, or it can be a theory based on fact expressed in a fictional way. But when you said that your idea was "fiction", it was the second part of a statement that said "all history is fiction", thereby implying that all history is equally made up, and nobody knows any more than anybody else. That is not true - there are some people who know a lot more than others, and their "fictions" are worth reading before creating one's own, if one care's to have an accurate fiction.

*** I didn't mention anything about quality. History or Herstory :)
is always fiction. Of course there are goo dhistorical fictions and bad historical fictions. ****

For my part, I prefer to say history is the art of spinning facts into a narrative. My "narrative" is what I think you mean by "fiction," but I could be wrong. Narrative is simply telling a story, but there are stories that touch the facts as little as possible, letting them speak for themselves, and there are other stories which ignore facts that spoil the narrative, or twist them in some way to fit the narrative. I contend that your need to have the series of letters from Yod to Shin describe a full body is the latter. It twists the facts. Hence for me it is an unsatisfying narrative.

*** Yes, would be better I could telephone with the inventer of the alphabet and ask him. But unluckily, his mobile is out of work. I must work with that, what is there. That's a normal situation in research. *****

True; but the names appear so late, 2000 years after the presumed invention of the alphabet, that it is very insecure. The consensus appears to be that the names were added later, on the principle of acrophony. You can suggest otherwise of course, as an interesting mental puzzle.

**** I've reflected these unsecurities during the discussion. It's of course a lot of work to go through all "aleph=ox first used in ...", "beth=house first used in" etc. ... and where does it lead? That at least in distance of more than 500 years probably none of the words is attested in its use, cause there are so few documents ... very funny. Very helpful. I just can determine this result already now, probably accurate.
In the discussion I gave reasons, why there are logical arguments, why this name list is really old - even if there are some disturbances, which in the current state are not calculatable.****

I found your statements not to contain much caution. They were presented as just about the closest thing to truth.

**** :) I mixed that a little bit, for literary reasons. Kwaw provoked that in the early discussion presenting his material to shin in a similar way. ... but why not ... I can do so, too. The whole discussion started with shin=tooth. And why and when it is fire and why and when tooth. Kwaw presented it in a way, that one must perceive, that it always had been "fire" or "flame above a coal". A "w" doesn't look like "flame above a coal".
***

Nothing. There is nothing wrong with an attempt. But surely you agree that any honest attempt to grapple with the problems of the early alphabet should attempt to deal with all the facts, not twist them when they don't fit a preconceived notion.

**** :) A little fun must have its place :)

You have all the rights to build a hypothesis, or even simply make up a story. But it does not take a lifetime to master the history of the early alphabet - it could be a matter of a few days. Each detail isn't necessary, but some details may actually destroy your theory. You can choose to ignore them if you like. Such as the fact that the Lamed doesn't mean "leg", Mem doesn't mean "Vagina", Nun doesn't mean "Penis", Samek doesn't mean "Skeleton", Tsadde doesn't mean "Nose", and Qof doesn't mean ear. Qof apparently means either a monkey or an axe-head. But even if we give your theory this letter, that still leaves 5 letters that you've twisted, using different methods. Lamed you just claim has to be a leg, since it looks like one; for Mem and Nun you bring in some mythology and word-play; for Samek you go back to the Lamed strategy, and for Tsadde you just say "It has to fit here, so this is what it has to mean."

*** I never stated, that lamed means leg or did I any of the other letter translate wrongly? True ist, that I developed a conclusive base founded at the observation, that there are surprizing much body parts in a special region of the names row. Each step in my thinking was controllable by readers of the talking. ****


The trouble is you didn't ask questions (of me anyway), you stated your ideas as facts.

****In the contrary, I did what I did. I said, tzaddi should be nose, if I think so and so ... I advanced step by step giving anybody opportunity to develop his own vision of that, what I do. ****

I told you some above. Your names are not attested. You made up meanings - twisted the facts - for 5 out of 12 letters, and relied on questionable data for 1 or 2 of the others.

****7 out of 12: iod, kaph, ain, pe, qof, resh, shin refer by "name" to parts of the body. Please say now: Which not? ***

You rely on the idea that it must be twelve, in this order. Maybe the earliest alphabet wasn't arranged this way.

*** They appear in a row of 12, starting with iod, ending with shin. 5 of the 7, all belonging to the region "head", give nearly a complete head-picture. I stated that as remarkable, what it is, and developed the idea, watchable to anybody in its natural weakness, of an abc-man from iod to shin about the distance of 12 letters.
****

In the Egyptian letters that were the model for the alphabet, the letter that became He already was a full man. There is no more need to create one out of parts.

**** I didn't include any Egyptian import, I didn't wish to confuse the picture, which results just of the names. Why should it be wrong? I don't exclude them forever, especially when I notice, that my communicative partners have understood, which observation I have done. During the discussion that was not clear ... I always got suggestions, which had nothing to do with the story, that I was telling. In Hebrew He stays rather undefined. I didn't reflect this sign. And - if it means man or not, it wouldn't touch my theory, as I say, that there probably was a cllision of a number-system with the ABC-Man-structure. ***

It seems rather that the alphabet was created for commercial transactions, not to kids in a school setting. Where did this idea of yours come from?

**** Of course "first" the grown-ups were tought, but also children, why not? What I said, was, that the didactic probably aimed at simpleminded people. ***

And I think that the idea that they needed a trick like this to remember is wrong too. Their memories were *better* than ours.

*** Not all the people were memory-trained. And they had difficulties with abstract thinking. ***

Obviously the writing form is very simple, with Abc-man or without. And the trick to reduce "abstract signs" by using the same signs also for numbers. That keeps things simple. Of course this could also have developed "cause of international" relations -It was in this way easy to teach to foreigners.
 

Ross G Caldwell

Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: Drawing is the a good idea

*** I never stated, that lamed means leg or did I any of the other letter translate wrongly?

This is what I took to be your Lamed=leg equivalence, made on the 11th -

Huck said:

12th: Lamed: The "L" still looks like the leg with foot off the alphabet-man.
The meaning "Ox-driving-stick" is a joke, of course you could kick with your leg an ox, that it marches on.

I note also you make Kaf mean "toes", since Yod means hand - ten fingers - Kaf means 20, hence must be the 10 toes. But Kaf means palm of the hand, while Yod is the forearm with the hand.