The 4 humours correspond (but are not identical) to the 4 elements.
Melancholy is the 'Earthy' side, serious, grounded, the analytical, planning, structured side of people's temperament. It's what makes you think before acting, what makes you evaluate consequences and what gives you weight or gravitas. However taken to extremes, it becomes unwilling to think outside the box, being hidebound by structures and self imposed rules and regulations - being unable to act because the plan is never quite right and consequent negative thought or depression.
Both of you have above average levels, he more than you but neither to any real extreme.
Choler is similar to Fire, it's what makes you act, in modern parlance it's the driving force. It gives you agression (ideally the get up and go) but in excess it is just agression and being argumentative. Without the plans from melancholy, Choler becomes action for the sake of it, without goals or purpose. He has more of this than he does Melancholy and indeed on recalculation from the chart's I've set up, he has nothing else by one calculation and in both these are his dominant humours.
Sanguine is similar to Air, it's what enables you to be social, have good people skills, enjoy chatting and other communications with others - it gives you a desire to have fun in abundance. Take to extreme, it results in someone who has no substance and is all froth, so to speak. Melacholy adds the weight and Choler the ability to act decisively. In your case you are mainly Sanguine, with a large chunk of Melacholy and just a small dash of the last humour, Phlegm.
Phlegm, is similar to Water, A tendency to fit in with others, to take the 'shape' of the people you socialise with. There's not drive, but there is a fluidity of thought - phlegmatics, don't get ruffled and can think outside the box. Taken to extremes, they too are inactive and something of the 'cold fish' it's also hard to pin them down.
This sort of description would fit well with a modern approach based on elements, which quite a lot of Astrologers use (and indeed is a good approach) it's main difference lies in the way it's calculated. Moderns, use the signs of all planets and the ASC and MC. Traditionally the focus is on Ascendant, Moon and Sun, together with their rulers and almutens and something called the Lord or Lady of the Geniture - the strongest planet.
Taking the two of you:
He is Choleric/Melancholic - at his best he can be a good planner and translate plans into effective action to achieve objectives. He's quick witted, can think on his feet and quite witty. He wants to win though, and will find it difficult to play just for fun. He can be a bit impulsive, though his preferred mode is to think before he acts. He's not a great socialiser, fun for the sake of it is alright in small amounts but must never detract from the plan and he'll be impatient if you want fun, while he wants to 'do' something. He's probably the more 'serious' of the two (though you have a 'serious' side too).
You are Sanguine/Melancholic - you're the more sociable of the two - when he's sociable it's more likely to be because he wants something out of it, not simply for the sake of it. He's the leader, but you are the more diplomatic of the two and may smooth over feathers if he ruffles them - including your own. You've got good social skills, though you may not be the heart and soul of the party, unless you really know the people. You're good at creating rapport and putting people at their ease - however you have your own melancholic side and this can lead to you putting on a brave face - laughing on the outside, crying on the inside. You're also a planner but somehow he is more able to put plans (even yours) into action, you sort of get distracted or need to think things through again.
Melancholy is significant for both of you and it's what brings you together and enables you to appreciate each other - it's a strong point of contact a shared nature. What is more, whilst it may not set the world on fire it can be incredibly long lasting - it's a great base for a relationship.
Conflicts - he's naturally willing to argue and dispute (well more than you) You both have essentially strong Suns, yours in exaltation, his in rulership but yours is better placed in the chart.
Also your Mars is essentially stronger than his, indeed his Mars is combust trined by Saturn, and peregrine, so it misfires, so to speak. Both of you have Mars in weak parts of the chart - yours in the twelfth, his in the eighth - so again you will need to modify the temperament readings accordingly. So you might end up arguing about 'silly things'