Composite images from the 15th century

jmd

As I'm sure as occured for many of us, we come across a variety of imagery from the period of tarot's emergence, and then some get more or less half forgotten.

For myself, this was certainly the case with the following, held in the Queensland Art Gallery - not that far from Aeclectic's home, actually!

It is described as:
The Master of Frankfurt - Virgin and Child with Saint James the Pilgrim, Saint Catherine and the Donor with Saint Peter - c. 1496​
The online description is here, and an examination of the panel revealing alterations (pentimenti) as to details is here.

frankfurt_master-1496.jpg


From a tarot perspective, what is interesting are a number of features, including the representation of St James (who 'figures' as pilgrim and thus Fou with dog - even if the dog is otherwise occupied hereon); the Pope; the table and person behind it as per a kind of Bateleur; the 'Empress' and other key feminine figure - in tarot perhaps as papess; and in the background the Tower.

I am not actually suggesting that those figures in tarot that have come down to us are totally equivalent as the ones here presented, rather am simply bringing to our attention one amongst numerous composite images that would have, in some manner or other, been prevalent during the period, and would have in some manner influenced the way in which those images depicted on cards would have been seen.

A 'key' here is that one can easily identify the furtherest three adult figures because of their symbolic representations: Mary with Child; St Peter or at least his 'descendent' representative; St James due to the shell and staff.

What I find personally confusing is that the younger figure is described as St Katherine, who is normally depicted with (sword) and Wheel (which I fail to see), yet here is the Tower behind her, normally associated with St Barbara... and suspect that (unless there is a wheel there somewhere) she would have been associated 'instantly' with St Barbara by the earlier viewer.

This image is here included more as an item of interest, rather than specifically historical research as such.
 

jmd

Incidently, since I question the identification of the above figure with St Catherine, here is another that has both St Catherine (left-hand side) and St Barbara (with that 'papesse egg' ;)), this image located at the National Gallery of Art in Washington DC, with the figures identified by their symbols: St Catherine with Sword and Wheel; St John the Baptist (this one having his head on his shoulders!) with lamb; St Barbara with the Tower behind her; and St Antony with Staff and Hermit stance (and pig, actually):

Follower_Robert_Campin-Madonna_Child_Saints-1450.jpg
 

Rosanne

These are wonderful artworks jmd! It is funny, but the more I look at these works of this time in History, I see seasonal or astronomy symbols in them. I have not checked, but I do wonder if the added symbols of these people in the images indicate their feast days or their Birthdays or their seasons in the mind of the painter. The lamb in The arms of John the Baptist- the coming of Christ in Aries, the pig as Autumn of the life of St Anthony etc etc.
I also know when I am interested in something or another- like a new car- and it is a Toyota perhaps- I see them everywhere :D.
I can never see past the thought that Tarot as Cards- first maybe for games- would have to be common enough, to be understood as to what they portrayed.
The glyphs on Mah Jong tiles is a perfect example- strange to Western eyes, but perfectly understood by the Chinese. How common was it that medieval man, got to understand these paintings or even saw them, enough to see what we see say, when we see the Jester in playing cards- that recent icon. That is what I keep thinking. ~Rosanne
 

Ross G Caldwell

Hi Jean-Michel,

jmd said:
What I find personally confusing is that the younger figure is described as St Katherine, who is normally depicted with (sword) and Wheel (which I fail to see), yet here is the Tower behind her, normally associated with St Barbara... and suspect that (unless there is a wheel there somewhere) she would have been associated 'instantly' with St Barbara by the earlier viewer.

This Saint Catherine is Catherine of Siena (1347-1380), who experienced a mystical marriage with Jesus at age 19 and is usually shown holding a ring (as in this painting) or even getting it put on her finger (as in this one by Michelino da Besozzo
http://www.wga.hu/frames-e.html?/html/m/michelin/mystic_m.html )

The one with the wheel is Catherine of Alexandria, a legendary saint no longer officially recognized by the Church (cult suppressed in 1969 - but very popular for over a thousand years).

Ross
 

Rosanne

Sometimes my imagination gets away with me- St Antony and Pigs...
His relationship with pigs and patronage of swineherds is a little complicated. Skin diseases were sometimes treated with applications of pork fat, which reduced inflammation and itching. As Anthony's intervention aided in the same conditions, he was shown in art accompanied by a pig. People who saw the art work, but did not have it explained, thought there was a direct connection between Anthony and pigs - and people who worked with swine took him as their patron.
~Rosanne
 

Rosanne

I just lost my post. Start again. Kwaw that is exactly what I mean. Yes 18th May St John1 called the Day of Penance. I remember old Columban Mission Calendars, that had wee symbols all over them that I recall in hindsight look Tarotish. April on the sheet looks interesting- that Cauldron is the Ash Wednesday sign- so the lion is 3rd Sunday of Easter and used to be called Divine Mercy Sunday (I think). Thanks for this ~Rosanne
 

Tiro DvD

Ross G Caldwell said:
The one with the wheel is Catherine of Alexandria, a legendary saint no longer officially recognized by the Church
Most saints that were "removed" mid twentieth century were just removed from the Calender and therefore not included in the Divine Office and Liturgical worship. St. Catherine was reinstated to the calender in 2002.


Rosanne said:
so the lion is 3rd Sunday of Easter and used to be called Divine Mercy Sunday
The Divine Mercy is based off the visions of St. Faustyna Kowalska around 1930. So there is no temporal way for this symbol to be associated with the title of Divine Mercy as currently used for the 3rd Sunday of Easter.
 

Ross G Caldwell

Tiro DvD said:
Most saints that were "removed" mid twentieth century were just removed from the Calender and therefore not included in the Divine Office and Liturgical worship. St. Catherine was reinstated to the calender in 2002.

That should be "calendar."

Thank you for the update, it's rare for active and knowledgable Roman Catholics to inform us of the Vatican's activities.

Ross
 

tarot4fun

Today (June 24) is the Feast of the Nativity of St. John the Baptist.